Importantly, we observed comparable CNOT3 expression levels in control vs. CNOT3-shRNA-transduced leukemic cells collected from mice succumbed from leukemia (Supplementary Fig. 1X); indicating that CNOT3 depleted cells were negatively selected against in vivo and leukemia outgrew from the CNOT3-knocked down samples were driven by cells successfully evaded shRNA-mediate gene silencing. Here, CNOT3 is linked to leukemia.