In addition, using three patient-derived AML xenotransplantation (PDX) models (Fig. 1Q and Supplemental dataset 1), we demonstrated that depletion of CNOT3 significantly hindered engraftment and disease progression of leukemia cells in vivo (Fig. 1R–T and Supplementary Fig. 1W). The gene discussed is CNOT3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.