Utilizing Tdrd6 knockout mice that we generated via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (referred to as Tdrd6−/−; Fig. S5b, c), we discovered that Tdrd6 depletion resulted in male infertility but had a negligible impact on piRNA biogenesis in mouse testes (Fig. S5d–h), consistent with previous findings41. Here, TDRD6 is linked to male infertility.