Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one kind of monogenic hereditary cerebrovascular disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene,[1] and is also one of the most common genetic diseases that lead to stroke attacks and cognitive decline. The gene discussed is NOTCH3; the disease is cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.