INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: There are several essential features and symptoms that characterizeT2DM, including obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia,which can even be recognized by artificial intelligence.40,41 An appropriate experimental animal model is crucial for understandingand analyzing the functional changes of related tissues, insulin sensitivity,insulin hormone production, β-cell proliferation, insulin resistance,and overall glucose homeostasis.