Additionally, it has been previously reported that other SP species in the Cer family, such as SM, HexCer, Hex2Cer, CerPE, and CerP, have also been implicated in the risk of IR development, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis, which are closely associated with cardiometabolic diseases (35). The gene discussed is ABCA1; the disease is atherosclerosis.