While several studies have explored ECM remodeling within the lung and the role of TGF-β, these have focused predominantly on the profibrotic response of mesenchymal cells and AT2 cells in disease states such as cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (20, 33, 46, 47). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.