Here, we characterize early on-treatment proteomic changes in blood plasma to gain a better understanding of treatment response and resistance.<h4>Methods</h4>Pre-treatment (T0) and on-treatment (T1) plasma samples were collected from 225 NSCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.