PTGS2 and arthritic joint disease: Moreover, the pericarp of Mangosteen-fruit, as a potent antioxidant, is widely used against immunological diseases like arthritis, food allergies, and acne [23] that may modulate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions levels [17].