HIF1A and gastric cancer: Mu et al. [8] found that the accumulation of succinate was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, which may be related to the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3 and extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 by succinate, which up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through its receptor GPR91 in a HIF-1α independent mechanism.