Scaffolding is one notable role; the lncRNA ANRIL antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus attaches to its target gene and as a scaffold for the WDR5 (WD repeat-containing protein 5) and HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) proteins, leading to phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle cells in a model of atherosclerotic heart disease [66]. The gene discussed is WDR5; the disease is carotid atherosclerosis.