36,37 For example, a prior study has shown that human atrial cardiomyocyte NHE1 expression is inhibited by empagliflozin in tissue derived from patients with HF and AF.38 These effects have been linked to reduced adverse cardiac remodelling, hypertrophy, and decreased risk of arrhythmias.39 Furthermore, SGLT2is have been linked to decreases in epicardial fat, which has been associated with increased AF risk. This evidence concerns the gene SLC9A1 and hydrops fetalis.