In an artery transplant model, perivasculitis and intimal hyperplasia—indicative of transplant arteriosclerosis—only occur in arterial isografts from Bmal1−/− or Per1−/−Per2−/− double-deficient donors but not in arterial isografts from wild-type donors, regardless of whether the recipients were wild-type or Bmal1-deficient.112 Inflammation is apparent within the Bmal1-deficient grafts in wild-type mice, as evidenced by increased macrophage and T-cell infiltration and higher expression levels of Cxcl9, Icam2, Gzmb, and Perforin (1.6–3.3-fold)112 (Table 2). Here, BMAL1 is linked to arteriosclerosis.