They were also more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, dysrhythmia, congestive heart failure, prior stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis, yet less likely to receive acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), statin, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) preoperatively. Here, ACE is linked to congestive heart failure.