The results unveiled TP53 (83%), KRAS (22%), and MET (12%) as the most frequently mutated genes in LCC, while TP53 (88%), STK11(16%), and PTEN (13%) exhibited higher prevalence in LCNEC, no ALK, RET or ROS1 fusions were detected in either LCC or LCNEC. Here, PTEN is linked to leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts.