In a study of axitinib-resistant ccRCC mice, ADAMTS18 may act as a similar immunosuppressor by reducing immune escape and enhancing anti-tumor immunity through the up-regulation of the ratio of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as the down-regulation of the ratio of CD45+/PD-L1 (27, 88). This evidence concerns the gene ADAMTS18 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.