The presence of abnormal TDP-43 is associated with worse cognition (Josephs et al., 2008, 2014b; Wilson et al., 2013), smaller brain volumes (Josephs et al., 2008, 2014b) and faster rates of atrophy (Josephs et al., 2017), particularly affecting the medial temporal lobes, with worse outcomes associated with a greater burden of TDP-43 and higher TDP-43 stage (Josephs et al., 2014b, 2020a). Here, TARDBP is linked to Atrophy.