Infection with HCV results in a 5-10-fold increase in the frequency of mutations in the Ig heavy chain, B cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), Protein 53 (p53) and Catenin genes in HCV-infected B-cell lines and HCV-associated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphomas, and HCC in vitro. Here, TP53 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.