HMGB1 and diabetic kidney disease: Consistent with previous reports (29), we found that KIM-1 levels corrected for urinary creatinine levels were significantly elevated in the population with DKD (Figure 2D), and there was a significant correlation between serum HMGB1 and urine KIM-1 levels (R2 = 0.440, p<0.001) (Figure 2E).