INS and glucose measurement: The improvement in body composition was associated with improvements in cardiovascular risk markers (e.g., reductions of fasting insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides; and HDL-C), metabolic and endocrinal function (e.g., reduction of leptin and fasting insulin, and an increase of adiponectin and glucose tolerance), inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune function (e.g., reduction of TNF-alpha, C reactive protein) and mental, psychological, skeletomuscular, and behavioral outcome measures (56–58).