Moreover, DHEA has been shown to promote BC autophagosome formation through two mechanisms: 1) up-regulation of oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 expression by DHEA temporarily increases mitochondrial ROS levels and subsequently activates p-AMPKα to facilitate autophagosome formation 90; 2) PFAs such as DHEA and eicosapentaenoic acid induce phosphorylation of Bcl-2 leading to dissociation from beclin-1 and subsequent induction of BC cell autophagy 91. This evidence concerns the gene OSGIN1 and breast cancer.