Comparative analysis revealed that, in contrast to the RA model group, mice subjected to intraperitoneal NAb-TNF-α injections, intra-articular CMPK2 knockdown adenovirus injections, or a combination of both exhibited notable improvements in synovial tissue hyperplasia, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, and lower synovial inflammation scores. Here, CMPK2 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.