TNF and Alzheimer disease: Besides, subcutaneous injection of ADSC-exos promoted epidermal barrier repair in an oxazolone-induced AD mouse model via enhancing stratum corneum hydration decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TSLP, and stimulating the production of epidermal ceramide 40.