AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein, theexpressionof which is closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis, and it is a commontumor marker in a blood serum test upon screening for hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC).159,160 It is also applied in detectingother malignancies including hepatoblastoma, tumors of the ovary andtestis, and gastrointestinal tract.161