LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of migraine (Santos et al., 2015; Gelaye et al., 2017; Miri et al., 2018) and it is hypothesized that increased levels of inflammatory mediators, increased sympathetic activity, and increased leptin (Pisanu et al., 2017) which are associated with obesity might influence the development of migraine.