A recent study has also shown therole of TERRA and RAD51API to the ALT pathways in RAD52 knockout cellsby promoting telomeric R-loop formation that leads to G4 formationin telomeres.106 The dynamic telomericR-loops generated by TERRA and RAD51AP1 activate the RAD52-independentALT pathway, which in turn triggers G4 to orchestrate an R-to-D-looptransition at telomeres to drive break-induced replication of telomeres.106 These mechanisms are being widely studied fortheir role in cancer therapies. The gene discussed is RAD52; the disease is cancer.