A study using Hi-C analysis in primary human haematopoietic cells also linked this lead variant to the promoter of PAPPA.77PAPPA is directly involved in the cleavage of two IGF-1 transport proteins67 and activation of PAPPA results in an increase of bioactive IGF-1.78 IGF-1 is a crucial factor in the repair of damaged chondrocytes and may be a potential component for the treatment of osteoarthritis.79 The gene discussed is PAPPA; the disease is osteoarthritis.