ALB and Nephropathy: Despite the availability of guidelines for screening for CKD using measurements of kidney damage (i.e., urine albumin to creatinine ratio) and function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) for patients with certain existing conditions [53, 54], the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) have concluded that there is not sufficient evidence for assessing the trade-off between benefits and harms of regular screening for CKD in asymptomatic adults [55].