VEGFA and Peri-Implantitis: Rather, the findings revealed a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and VEGF in the peri-implantitis group, consistent with those of a previous study demonstrating that increased TNF-α induces the expression of VEGF.(15) Together, these findings suggest that a concomitant increase in TNF-α and VEGF, which have proinflammatory activity, contributes to the intensification of the inflammation in the peri-implantitis.