The key mechanism of codon-biased translation is exemplified by RNA-modifying proteins such as methyltransferase-1 (METTL1) and WD repeat domain 4 (WDR4), Elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1–6 (ELP1–6), cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 1–2 (CTU1–2) or AlkB homolog 8 (ALKBH8)-tRNA methyltransferase 112 (TRMT112), whose gene amplifications, increased expression or increased deposition of their modifications can contribute to the promotion of cancer proliferation (22). The gene discussed is METTL1; the disease is cancer.