GIP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Furthermore, Maersk et al. [16] compared the acute intake of a sucrose beverage (500 mL of regular cola containing 53 g sucrose) to isocaloric milk, an aspartame-sweetened diet cola, and water in participants with overweight status and obesity, observing a reduction in ghrelin and an increase in GLP-1 and GIP concentrations after sucrose.