INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Lastly, Matikainen et al. [23] observed no differences in fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or the Matsuda index during an OGTT in participants with overweight status and obesity who consumed oral fructose (25 g in 330 mL, 3×/day; total, 75 g/day) for 12 weeks.