Bao et al. [40] showed that when people with T1DM used either CC or FID counting to determine the prandial insulin dosage of breakfast meals, compared to carbohydrate counters, FII counters significantly improved the time spent within the normal blood glucose range, produced a significantly lower incremental AUC, reduced the time to reestablish the fasting blood glucose level, and caused a smaller peak glucose excursion. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.