CLDN1 and colitis: Restoring the expression of TJ proteins, including Claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and Occludin, is crucial for treating colitis, as it aids in maintaining barrier function and regulating intestinal permeability [7].Moreover, the extracellular matrix provides structural and biochemical support to adjacent cells, influences the expression of TJ proteins in the epithelium, and plays a role in preserving barrier function [8,9].