B1a cells are able to secrete IgM [205,206] as well as immunomodulatory cytokines like IL-10, spontaneously or after infection [206,207,208], and GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-3, TNF [206,207]; therefore, there is evidence that B1a cells play a protective role in sepsis and survival benefits [209]. Here, CSF2 is linked to Sepsis.