HMGB1 and Parkinson disease: In a rotenone-induced experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), agmatine also reduced the levels of HMGB1, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4, and of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats [288].