TP53 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in China have identified susceptibility loci for ESCC, including 10q23 (PLCE1), 5q31.2 (TMEM173), 17p13.1 (ATP1B2 near TP53), and, specific to high-risk areas, the HLA class II region (6p21.32) [11].