HIF1A and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia rapidly activates cellular proliferation in endothelial cells through the stimulation of different proinflammatory and growth factors including the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family ligand–receptor, Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ErbB4), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), p70S6K and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathways [17].