This intricate relationship is further exemplified in NSCLC, in which the circular RNA insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (circIGF2BP3) modulates OTUB1 levels, counteracts the ubiquitinated degradation of PD-L1, and suppresses CD8+ T-cell function, ultimately facilitating immune evasion [77]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.