Knockout of MMP-1, MMP12, neutrophil elastase (NE), IL-18Ra, TNFR-α, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase can protect against CS-induced emphysema and inflammation [97]. The gene discussed is MAP1LC3B; the disease is Cowden syndrome 1.