LUM and carcinoma of esophagus: LUM is a biomarker of a number of cancers [71] and is positively correlated with development of oesophageal cancer [10], lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma [11], breast [9], chondrosarcoma [34], colorectal carcinoma [7], pancreatic cancer [8], ovarian [34], bone metastasis arising from lung cancer [72], gastric [73], LUM promotes gastric cancer progression via the integrin β1-FAK signalling [74] and colon cancer [75].