LUM and pancreatic neoplasm: LUM is expressed in malignant tumours, including esophageal, lung, gastrointestinal, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers [7,8,9,10,11] but, paradoxically, can display tumour-promoting and anti-tumour activity [12] and is useful as a biomarker, with its expression levels correlating with the severity of tumour grade.