IL31 and irritable bowel syndrome: In addition, the levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (Il)-6 (unpaired two-tailed t-test, t5 = 6.335, p = 0.0007), Mmp12 (unpaired two-tailed t-test, t6 = 5.155, p = 0.0021), Il-31 (unpaired two-tailed t-test, t6 = 5.369, p = 0.0017), Il-22 (unpaired two-tailed t-test, t6 = 5.437, p = 0.0016), and Ifn-r (unpaired two-tailed t-test, t6 = 4.086, p = 0.0065) were also elevated in the colon of the IBS group compared to the CON group (Figure 1H–L).