PF can improve the anti-tumor response against various cancer cell types by increasing the percentage of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells, and stem-like memory T cells, while reducing IGF1 levels and repressing Tregs by modulating IGF1 levels, epigenetic reprogramming, and the production of ketone bodies [196,197,199]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is neoplasm.