CDK4 and neoplasm: Moreover, the repression of miR-491, induced by tumor cells through the activation of the TGF-β1 pathway, triggers the apoptosis of TILs by repressing the production of effector cytokines such as IFN-γ and the transcription of proliferation and survival factors, such as TCF1 transcription factor, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and extra-large B-cell lymphoma (BCl-xL) [349].