In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort, inflammatory metrics, including hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, fibrinogen, and serum albumin, predicted faster progression to kidney failure [71] and atherosclerotic vascular disease and death, which has been confirmed by more recent studies [72,73,74]. Here, TNF is linked to chronic kidney disease.