AIRE and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: As regard APS1, also called autoimmune–polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED, OMIM #240300, ORPHA 3453), is a rare monogenic recessive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the AutoImmune REgulator (AIRE) gene, whose clinical diagnosis requires the presence of at least two of the following diseases: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), chronic hypoparathyroidism (HP) and primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease, AD) [9].