TLR4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Noteworthily, results obtained from animal-based studies further supported the anti-obesity potential of Cinchona, as its supplementation showed significant effects in suppressing adipogenesis through the downregulation of WNT signaling pathways and galanin-mediated adipogenesis (orexigenic neuropeptide), concurrently with a reduction in inflammation through the repression of toll-like-receptor-2- (TLR2-) and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways in adipose tissue [41].