KRAS and cancer: Hypoxia synergizes with such oncogenic drivers as KRAS to induce TF (F3) gene expression via the amplification of PI3K-Akt and p38-NFkB signaling pathways, both of which are prominent in KRAS-mutant cancers including PDAC [3]; HIF-1α can also induce TF in cancer cells indirectly, via the upregulation of VEGF expression [4].