TREX1 and cancer: Several studies have reported on the role of upregulated cellular genes in cervical carcinogenesis; for example, one study identified novel critical genes, including AURKB, KYNU and LCP1, that were implicated in the HPV-induced carcinogenesis of several HPV-related cancers [35], SALL4 promotes tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells [36], Nurr1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent cell growth [37], and TREX1 and HR-HPV16 E7 oncoprotein collaborate in the cellular pathway to effectively enhance cervical carcinogenesis and progression [38].