Consistent with CCR6+CD8+ T cell accumulation in tumors, the expression of CCL20 and CCR6 in tumor were significantly increased at day 9 after vvDD-IL-9 treatment, compared with vvDD treatment, suggesting a role of CCL20/CCR6-dependent T cell recruitment in the antitumor effects elicited by vvDD-IL-9 treatment. The gene discussed is CCL20; the disease is neoplasm.