Among the 35 studies on patients with NSCLC, slightly more than half of those studies (63%, n = 22) [9,10,11,12,13,14,20,21,22,23,29,30,31,32,37,38,39,42,67,68,69] suggested the cost-effectiveness of ICI treatment with biomarker testing; of these, n = 2 with previous PD-1 assessment and n = 20 with previous PD-L1 assessment. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.