Several studies conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in HCC-patient-derived material allowed the identification of the so-called “late TFGβ signature”, which is the selective overexpressions of CXCR4, CD44, SMAD7, or CTLC genes in concurrence with the TFGβ one. Here, CXCR4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.