SERPINA1 and intestinal obstruction in the newborn due to guanylate cyclase 2C deficiency: Primary risk factors for CFLD development include male gender, a history of meconium ileus (with a fivefold higher risk), pancreatic insufficiency, particularly in patients with class I, II, or III mutations, CF-related diabetes (CFRD), and the SERPINA-1 allele [15,17,18,19,20].